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Critical food safety temperatures: Cold holding — 40°F (4°C) or below for refrigeration; freezer 0°F (-18°C) or below. Hot holding — 140°F (60°C) or above for steam tables and food warmers. Cooking temperatures vary by food type (145°F-165°F). Dishwasher final rinse — 180°F (82°C) for high-temp machines. Any equipment consistently failing to maintain these temperatures is both a safety risk and a health code violation.

Signs of compressor problems: unit not reaching temperature despite running constantly, compressor making loud knocking or grinding sounds, compressor starting and stopping rapidly (short cycling), compressor not starting at all, or high pressure shutdowns. Compressor failure is typically the most expensive refrigeration repair. Early diagnosis can sometimes allow for less costly repairs — don't wait if you hear unusual compressor noises.

Common causes include: faulty igniter or ignition module, failed heating element (electric ovens), thermostat or temperature probe failure, gas valve issues, or clogged burner ports. Start by checking error codes on the control panel if equipped. If the oven lights but doesn't reach temperature, the thermostat or temperature probe is often the culprit. A certified technician can diagnose the root cause quickly.